Chaste tree is a shrubby tree widespread in Mediterranean regions whose strong aroma from the flowers and berries has long been associated with women. The berries have been used at least since the Middle Ages in Europe to dampen sexual desire in men, and to relieve problems associated with the menstrual cycle in women, particularly premenstrual tension. There is research which supports these traditional uses, pointing for example to the ability of agnus castus to suppress the secretion of the female hormone prolactin by acting on the dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary gland. Its action is thought to be mainly due to the presence of diterpenes and flavonoids. Traditional uses which are only partially supported by clinical trials include relief of menopausal symptoms, prevention of miscarriage, and stimulation of lactation in breastfeeding mothers.